Queen Victoria Family Tree: Her 9 Children and Europe's Royal Houses
Queen Victoria's family tree: her nine children with Prince Albert in birth order, whom each married, the grandchildren who sat on Europe's thrones, and the monarchs who descend from her today.
Last updated September 2026
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The Queen Victoria family tree reaches into almost every royal house in Europe. Victoria and Prince Albert had nine children, and most of them married foreign princes or princesses. Their grandchildren sat on the thrones of Britain, Germany, Russia, Spain, Norway, Greece and Romania. This page lists the nine children in order and whom each married. It also traces the lines that lead to the monarchs of today.
TL;DR: Victoria (1819-1901) married Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1840. Their nine children were Victoria, Edward VII, Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold and Beatrice. Through them she had more than 40 grandchildren. King Charles III descends from her through both his parents.
Queen Victoria's family tree: the nine children
| # | Child | Life | Married | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Victoria, Princess Royal | 1840-1901 | Frederick III, German Emperor | Reviewed |
| 2 | Albert Edward (Edward VII) | 1841-1910 | Alexandra of Denmark | Reviewed |
| 3 | Alice | 1843-1878 | Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse | Reviewed |
| 4 | Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh | 1844-1900 | Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia | Reviewed |
| 5 | Helena | 1846-1923 | Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein | Reviewed |
| 6 | Louise | 1848-1939 | John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne, later Duke of Argyll | Reviewed |
| 7 | Arthur, Duke of Connaught | 1850-1942 | Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia | Reviewed |
| 8 | Leopold, Duke of Albany | 1853-1884 | Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont | Reviewed |
| 9 | Beatrice | 1857-1944 | Prince Henry of Battenberg | Reviewed |
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All nine children reached adulthood, which was unusual for the time. Two died before their mother: Alice in 1878 and Leopold in 1884. Alfred died in 1900, and Victoria, Princess Royal, died in August 1901, a few months after the Queen.
A tree like this is built one documented generation at a time. To record your own family the same way, see our guide to the best family tree book.
Victoria and Albert
Victoria was born at Kensington Palace on 24 May 1819, the only child of Edward, Duke of Kent. She married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, on 10 February 1840. Their children were born over 17 years.
Albert died in December 1861, aged 42. Victoria wore mourning for the rest of her life. For the story of her reign, see Queen Victoria's reign.
The grandchildren on Europe's thrones
Victoria's children married into ruling families across Europe. As a result, many of her grandchildren became kings, queens or emperors.
| Grandchild | Through | Position |
|---|---|---|
| Wilhelm II | Victoria, Princess Royal | German Emperor and King of Prussia, 1888-1918 |
| Sophia | Victoria, Princess Royal | Queen of Greece, as wife of Constantine I |
| George V | Edward VII | King of the United Kingdom, 1910-1936 |
| Maud | Edward VII | Queen of Norway, as wife of Haakon VII |
| Alexandra (Alix of Hesse) | Alice | Empress of Russia, as wife of Nicholas II |
| Marie | Alfred | Queen of Romania, as wife of Ferdinand I |
| Victoria Eugenie | Beatrice | Queen of Spain, as wife of Alfonso XIII |
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Three of these cousins led countries on opposite sides in the First World War. They were George V and Wilhelm II. The third was Nicholas II of Russia, through his wife Alexandra. The fate of Alexandra and her children is covered in the Romanov family section.
Haemophilia in the family tree
Haemophilia in Victoria's descendants.
Status: Reviewed.
Note: Victoria's son Leopold had haemophilia, and her daughters Alice and Beatrice carried the gene. Alice's daughter Alexandra passed it to her son Alexei, heir to the Russian throne. Beatrice's daughter Victoria Eugenie passed it to sons in the Spanish royal family. A 2009 DNA study of the Romanov remains, published in Science, identified the specific form as haemophilia B.
Sources: Rogaev et al., "Genotype analysis identifies the cause of the royal disease", Science, 2009 (PubMed); Science, "Case Closed: Famous Royals Suffered From Hemophilia".
Victoria's descendants today
Many of today's monarchs descend from Victoria.
- United Kingdom: Charles III, through Edward VII on his mother's side and through Alice on his father's side. Elizabeth II and Prince Philip were third cousins through Victoria.
- Norway: Harald V, through Edward VII's daughter Maud.
- Sweden: Carl XVI Gustaf, through Arthur's daughter Margaret of Connaught.
- Denmark: Frederik X, through Margaret of Connaught's daughter Ingrid.
- Spain: Felipe VI, through Beatrice's daughter Victoria Eugenie.
For the Windsor branch, from George V to today, see house of Windsor.
A home DNA test cannot link you to a royal line like this one. Our guide to the best DNA test for ancestry compares five kits and bundles. It also explains what they can and cannot show.
Verdict: reading the Queen Victoria family tree
The Queen Victoria family tree is wide because of planned marriages. She had nine children, and most wed into foreign royal houses. So one grandmother links the last German emperor and the last Russian empress. She also links the present kings of Britain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Spain. For every British monarch since 1066, see the England royal family hub.
Sources checked for this page
- The Royal Family, "Victoria (r. 1837-1901)"
- The Royal Family, "Timeline: Queen Victoria and Prince Albert"
- Royal Collection Trust, "Queen Victoria and descendants, Coburg, 21 April 1894"
- Britannica, "Victoria: Queen, Reign, Legacy"
- Rogaev et al., "Genotype analysis identifies the cause of the royal disease", Science, 2009
Questions people also ask
How many children did Queen Victoria have?
Nine: four sons and five daughters, born between 1840 and 1857. All nine lived to adulthood.
Why is Queen Victoria called the grandmother of Europe?
Her children married into many European royal houses. Her grandchildren included Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany, King George V, and Alexandra, the last empress of Russia.
Is King Charles III descended from Queen Victoria?
Yes, twice over. Through his mother, Elizabeth II, he descends from Victoria's son Edward VII. Through his father, Prince Philip, he descends from Victoria's daughter Alice.
Which of Victoria's children had haemophilia?
Her youngest son, Leopold, Duke of Albany. Her daughters Alice and Beatrice passed the gene on to the royal families of Russia and Spain.